Avere il cuore infranto non è solo un modo di dire. È una malattia. Si rivela mortale per il 3,7% delle persone che ne sono colpite. Ha i sintomi dell’infarto, ma non lo è. A causarla, di solito, è un forte stress emotivo o fisico (ictus, emorragia celebrale o epilessia). Colpisce soprattutto le donne (circa il 90%) e in particolare quelle in menopausa. Ma anche gli uomini non sono immuni dalla sindrome e spesso devono patire più complicanze ospedaliere, come scoperto dai cardiologi dell’ospedale universitario di Zurigo che hanno coordinato il più grande studio mondiale sulla cardiomiopatia, le cui conclusioni sono state pubblicate dal New England Journal of Medicine .
Descritta per la prima volta nel 1991 da ricercatori nipponici, la sindrome del cuore infranto è detta anche tako-tsubo poiché il ventricolo sinistro che ne è colpito assume la forma di una trappola per piovra (questo il significato della parola in giapponese): stretta in cima e larga in basso.
Lo studio ha permesso di descrivere precisamente l’evoluzione della malattia in 1'750 casi e dovrebbe permettere una migliore presa a carico delle persone con il cuore infranto.
Diem/ATS
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