Il futuro dell’economia decarbonizzata passa attraverso l’accumulazione di energia elettrica e le batterie al litio sono un anello indispensabile della futura catena di somministro energetico. Il cosiddetto “Triangolo del litio” in Sud America, alla frontiera tra Cile, Argentina e Bolivia, concentra circa il 67% delle riserve mondiali comprovate di questo minerale.
I tre Paesi però hanno una gestione molto diversa di questa risorsa. In Bolivia il litio è considerato una risorsa strategica ed è sotto stretto controllo dello Stato, le aziende straniere sono obbligate a creare delle joint venture con lo Stato boliviano. In Cile invece, fu Pinochet a volere il litio come risorsa strategica per la sua importanza nella produzione di energia nucleare.
La situazione più complicata è quella dell’Argentina, dove il litio è considerato una semplice commodity e viene esportato da aziende straniere che pagano solo il 3% di royalties. Questa situazione ha sollevato le proteste dei popoli indigeni locali. L’Argentina inoltre non sfrutta le enormi conoscenze accademiche delle sue università nella produzione di batterie al litio.
Lavorazione artigianale del sale
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