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Nello Stato Islamico, l'autoproclamato califatto tra Iraq e Siria, ci sono circa "15mila foreign fighters". Lo rileva uno studio dell'International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, con sede all'Aja,
Ora che ha perso parecchi territori, "il 61% in Iraq e il 28% in Siria" rispetto all'agosto del 2014, inclusi molti pozzi petroliferi - spiega Tanya Mehra, ricercatrice del Centro - per l'IS è più difficile mantenere le proprie infrastrutture finanziarie e "pagare i propri combattenti". Pertanto, "il numero dei foreign fighters che rientrano in patria, specialmente verso l'Europa e il Maghreb, è previsto in crescita".
Pur avendo perso terreno in Siria e Iraq, il Daesh si è allargato ad altre aree, nota la Mehra, in particolare "Afghanistan, Yemen ed Africa Orientale", oltre ad avere stretto legami con gruppi attivi in Libia e con Boko Haram nell'Africa Occidentale. La presenza crescente di Al Qaida nel Maghreb, la nascita di Al Qaida nel Subcontinente indiano e le "crescenti ambizioni" di Al Shabaab nell'Africa Orientale "aumentano il rischio di attacchi terroristici".
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