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Gli scienziati hanno messo fine alla discussione sull'aspetto del Madagascar all'arrivo dei primi coloni, circa 2'000 anni fa. Il dibattito va avanti da decenni, ma ora — grazie all'analisi genetica — è stato possibile determinare che la zona dove oggi c'è la savana dell'altopiano, un tempo era ricoperta da macchie di foresta ed è mutata in seguito a un forte periodo di siccità già 55'000 anni fa.
Il "racconto" è stato "estrapolato" dagli animali simbolo dell'isola, i lemuri topo: grandi quanto una mano, sono i primati più piccoli al mondo e anche i più rapidi a riprodursi. Il loro DNA è come un nastro che ha registrato tutta la storia dell'isola africana degli ultimi 500'000 anni, hanno spiegato i ricercatori, i quali hanno pubblicato i risultati sulla rivista dell'Accademia americana delle scienze, Pnas.
"Sono strettamente dipendenti dalla foresta — ha spiegato il biologo Steve Goodman, che ha collaborato alle ricerche — se lei cambia, cambiano anche loro". Ma non solo: "Analizzando cinque specie distribuite in varie parti dell'isola — ha precisato la coordinatrice dello studio Anne Yoder —, siamo riusciti a capire quando le specie si sono separate, identificando le forze che le hanno spinte a diversificarsi".
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