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Il vaccino terapeutico "universale" contro i tumori è una meta più vicina grazie agli scienziati tedeschi dell'università Johannes Gutenberg di Mainz. Secondo quanto riferito sulla rivista Nature, il preparato è stato testato con successo su animali e su tre pazienti in stadio avanzato di melanoma. Già a basse dosi la cura si è mostrata capace di attivare una risposta immunitaria efficace contro il tumore.
Il vaccino si presenta come una capsula fatta di "goccioline" di grasso che contiene le ''istruzioni genetiche'' per scatenare la risposta immunitaria mirata, ovvero una molecola di Rna intercambiabile a seconda del tumore da combattere. Iniettata per endovena, la capsula raggiunge milza, linfonodi e midollo osseo dove viene "ingoiata" dalle cellule immunitarie, le cellule dendritiche. Una volta al loro interno la capsula rilascia le istruzioni genetiche - l'Rna - per avviare una risposta immunitaria contro il tumore. Le cellule dendritiche prontamente traducono l'Rna in una proteina tumorale - l''antigene tumorale' - che scatena la reazione immune.
Ansa/M.Ang.
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