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Tarvisio, in Val Canale, alto Friuli, è l’unico comune d’Italia dove sono riconosciute ufficialmente quattro lingue. In questo paesino di alta montagna, incastonato alla convergenza di tre Stati (Italia, Austria e Slovenia) e quindi di tre mondi linguistici (latino, germanofono e slavofono) si parla e si scrive in italiano, tedesco, sloveno e friulano. Fin dall’asilo i bambini si abituano a studiare, pensare e dialogare nelle quattro lingue ufficiali.
Tarvisio e la Val Canale, nei secoli, hanno continuamente cambiato Stato di appartenenza, accogliendo nuove culture a ogni passaggio. Solo dal 1918 appartengono all’Italia, che li acquisì dall’Impero austro-ungarico dopo la Prima guerra mondiale.
Sono arrivati così a rappresentare una riproduzione in miniatura di quella ricchezza linguistica e culturale che contraddistingue il nostro continente. I geografi chiamano quindi quest’oasi linguistica “la piccola Europa sulle Alpi orientali”.
Simone Benazzo - Marco Carlone
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