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Se Syngenta passasse in mano cinese per 43 miliardi di dollari, sarebbe l’acquisizione più costosa operata dalla Cina all'estero. Molti dubbi però circondano le azioni della compagnia statale, che l’anno scorso ha comprato anche la Pirelli per 7,7 miliardi di dollari. ChemChina ha riportato una perdita di 31 milioni di dollari nei primi 9 mesi del 2015 ed ha riportato perdite anche nel 2012 e 2013.
La Cina nel settembre scorso ha pubblicato un documento definendo le priorità dei settori da sviluppare perché il paese diventi una potenza nell’innovazione entro il 2025. “In passato si invitavano stranieri a venire in Cina” spiega Joerg Wuttzke, Presidente della Camera di Commercio Europea a Pechino. Dice che quando le compagnie cinesi hanno cominciato a fare acquisti all’estero “lo hanno fatto una ad una, progetto per progetto, secondo decisioni imprenditoriali, adesso invece c’è una roadmap e tutto d'un tratto ci sono soldi disponibili per compagnie che non sono le più forti finanziariamente”.
Le acquisizioni, lo scorso anno, hanno raggiunto i 108 miliardi di dollari, una cifra che si pensa verrà superata quest’anno.
Gli investimenti stranieri in Cina
La Cina ha cercato per molto tempo d'incentivare investimenti di compagnie straniere d’alta tecnologia. Ma... acquistando direttamente tecnologie straniere può avanzare in campi strategici solo con compagnie locali. “Nonostante siano all’interno del sitema WTO sappiamo che alcuni settori sono completamente preclusi alle aziende straniere - dice il prof. Plinio Innocenzi, addetto scientifico all’Ambasciata d’Italia a Pechino - e sebbene le aziende cinesi possano poi operare all’estero nello stesso settore, la reciprocità non vale o non viene applicata”.
Il caso Syngenta è esemplare. La Cina a lungo ha limitato coltivazioni OGM dovendo far fronte a un’opione popolare contraria. Compagnie straniere hanno tentato senza successo di entrare nel mercato. L’offerta record per l’acquisto di Syngenta, insieme a piani di industrializzazione dell’agricoltura, fanno pensare che presto la Cina aprirà il mercato. Ma con Syngenta in mano cinese, è difficile immaginare vi sia ancora la necessità di compagnie straniere.
Laura Daverio
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