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Un team di ricercatori dell'Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), affiliato all'Università della Svizzera italiana, ha scoperto un nuovo tipo di anticorpi che bloccano il parassita della malaria nella fase iniziale dell’infezione, ancor prima che l'infezione arrivi al fegato, conferendo un’immunità sterilizzante. I risultati della ricerca - realizzata in collaborazione con un team internazionale - sono stati pubblicati sulla rivista Nature Medicine.
Questi anticorpi - si legge in un comunicato - si legano alla superficie degli sporozoiti, i parassiti che provocano la malaria. Il parassita Plasmodium falciparum, che causa la forma più grave della malattia, provoca circa 400’000 morti all'anno. La zanzara inietta un piccolo numero di sporozoiti, che raggiungono il fegato e provocano una grave infezione dei globuli rossi.
Il team svizzero ha isolato una serie di anticorpi, da individui che sono risultati protetti da vaccini sperimentali, che potranno essere sfruttati per produrre un vaccino di seconda generazione.
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