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Sri Lanka, terra delle Tigri Tamil (LTTE), ma non solo. Isola che il 26 dicembre del 2004, insieme ad altre nazioni (in primis, Indonesia, India e Thailandia) che si affacciano sull’Oceano indiano, ha dovuto fare i conti con la forza devastatrice dello tsunami. Oltre 35'000 morti e migliaia i dispersi causati dal maremoto.
La parte orientale subisce danni enormi. Ai tempi non esisteva il sistema di allarme per i maremoti. I pescatori, le popolazioni delle coste non vengono avvisati e così, in un attimo, sono trascinati via dalle onde. Con loro, case, capanne, coltivazioni. Duemila i guerriglieri tamil morti tra i flutti.
Sri Lanka, dopo lo tsunami
Il paese vive da un trentennio le rivendicazioni territoriali delle LTTE, basate al nord e all’est del paese. Lo tsunami si aggiunge a una situazione già fragile, in un contesto politico e sociale minato dalla ribellione che cinque anni dopo sarà soffocata in maniera decisa* dal Governo di Mahinda Rajapaksa, ora presidente dello Sri Lanka.
I tamil in Svizzera
In Svizzera vive una folta comunità tamil, 50'000 persone (la più ampia non europea presente sul suolo elvetico) secondo le cifre fornite nel 2011 (per un paragone, La Nuova Lugano conta 67'000 abitanti), di cui 21'000 naturalizzate. Circa 120 le famiglie che risiedono in Ticino. Le richieste di asilo in agosto sono state 109, subito dopo quelle inoltrate da cittadini siriani.
I progetti della DSC
La Confederazione, con la Direzione dello sviluppo e della cooperazione (DSC), è presente in maniera permanente da anni nel paese. Ha avviato numerosi progetti di ricostruzione dopo lo tsunami ed è impegnata su più fronti per incentivare il dialogo politico, il promovimento della pace e la ricostruzione sociale ed economica del Nord. A dieci anni dal maremoto e a sei del cessate il fuoco delle Tigri Tamil, è tempo di bilanci. In un viaggio organizzato per i media (vedi cartina), la DSC vuole mostrare i lavori realizzati nel paese. Il sito web informazione della RSI racconterà questo percorso attraverso una serie di reportage.
I progetti del Dipartimento sviluppo e cooperazione
*Rajapaksa, è stato criticato per l’efferatezza dell’azione da diverse ONG (leggi il rapporto di Amnesty International). A metà agosto ha deciso di non concedere visti di ingresso agli ispettori delle Nazioni Unite incaricati di investigare sui crimini commessi dall’esercito cingalese (buddista) e dai guerriglieri tamil (induisti).
Alessandra Spataro
Reportage
Per approfondire
Dall'archivio
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