Il premio Nobel per la fisica è andato quest'anno a Roger Penrose "per la scoperta che la formazione dei buchi neri è prevista dalla teoria della relatività" e al binomio Andrea Ghez e Reinhard Genzel "per la scoperta di "un oggetto compatto supermassiccio al centro della nostra galassia". Un premio, come detto prima dell'annuncio, che riguarda "i segreti più bui dell'Universo".
Penrose ha dimostrato nel 1965, ossia 10 anni dopo la morte di Einstein, che i buchi neri esistono, descrivendoli in maniera dettagliata. Ha spiegato che al loro centro tutte le leggi della natura che conosciamo cessano di esistere. Il suo è considerato ancora oggi essere il contributo più importante alla teoria della relatività di Albert Einstein.
Ghez e Genzel, quanto a loro, sono ciascuno alla guida di un team di astronomi che si concentra, già dagli anni '90 su una regione al centro della nostra galassia chiamata Sagittarius A*. Usando i telescopi più grandi del mondo hanno sviluppato dei metodi per riuscire ad osservare quanto si trova oltre le nubi di polvere e gas stellari che si trovano al centro della Via Lattea.
Il terzetto succede ai planetologi svizzeri Michel Mayor e Didier Queloz e al cosmologo canadese James Peebles, cui è andato il riconoscimento nel 2019 grazie alle loro scoperte relative alla radiazione cosmologica di fondo e ai primi pianeti esterni al Sistema solare.
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