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L'arcipelago cileno Juan Fernandez, nell'Oceano Pacifico, è celebre non solo per l'isola "Robinson Crusoe" (dove le avventure del marinaio Alexander Selkirk ispirarono il romanzo di Daniel Defoe), ma anche per il suo ecosistema unico al mondo, che viene protetto dalla popolazione locale da oltre un secolo.
Riserva naturale UNESCO dal 1977, i suoi abitanti hanno salvato molte specie endemiche: le “otarie di Juan Fernandez” sfiorarono l'estinzione, e oggi ce ne sono 30'000 esemplari; le “aragoste Jasus frontalis” rischiavano di sparire, ma grazie alla prima "pesca sostenibile del Sudamerica" (parole del sindacato locale dei pescatori) si riesce oggi ad esportarne 100'000 all'anno.
Nel 2018 è stata istituita un'aera marina protetta di 262'000 km2 (7 volte la superficie della Svizzera), ma le sfide future sono tante. Sforzi vanno fatti per salvare la "berta dalle zampe rosa" (Ardenna creatopus) e... per difendersi dalla plastica monouso portata da un turismo in crescita, di cui si vuole proibire l’utilizzo entro il 2020.
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